課程大綱

課程資訊

課程名稱

考古學的工藝生產與專業化
Craft Specialization and Craft Production

開課學期

113-2

授課對象

文學院人類學研究所

授課教師

蔡哲嫻

課號

Anth5066

課程識別碼

125EU2590

班次

學分

3.0

全/半年

半年

必/選修

選修

上課時間

星期二3,4,5(10:20~13:10)

上課地點

水源人105

備註

本課程以英語授課。英文授課、英文教材，討論以中文輔助。
限本系所學生(含輔系、雙修生)
總人數上限：25人

課程簡介影片

核心能力關聯

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課程大綱

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課程概述

這門課程深入探討與工藝生產與專業化相關的理論和知識體系。它探索人類如何與材料、環境和技術互動，創造物品，並提供對過去與現在人類行為和選擇的洞察。生產被視為一種轉化活動，將原材料轉化為功能性和象徵性的物品，將無形的觀念與有形的成果連接起來。課程還調查工藝生產的經濟、社會和政治層面，包括政治經濟、社會複雜性、專業化、集約化、標準化、消費、交換、技術、性別和社會身份等議題。學生將檢視技術、人類能動性和組織原則在生產中的角色及其對社會的影響，並探討技術如何在社會背景中被塑造、重新定義和再生產。

本課程將理論學習與實踐活動結合，設有小組討論、實作活動和與不同材料和工藝的體驗式學習。這些活動讓學生模擬古代工匠的選擇和行為，加深他們對考古學研究工藝生產方法的理解。

此外，本課程還使用已發表的案例研究，展示考古學家如何研究和解釋工藝生產與專業化。這些範例強調跨文化的規律性和變異性，提供有關工藝生產系統與社會發展之間關係的全球視角。

The course provides an in-depth understanding of the theories and knowledge systems surrounding craft production and specialization. It explores how humans interact with materials, the environment, and technology to create objects, offering insights into past and present human behaviors and choices. Production is framed as a transformative activity that converts raw materials into functional and symbolic objects, bridging intangible ideas with tangible outcomes. The course also investigates the economic, social, and political dimensions of craft production, including issues of political economy, social complexity, specialization, intensification, standardization, consumption, exchange, technology, gender, and social identity. Students will examine the roles of technology, human agency, and organizational principles in production and their impact on society, including how technologies are shaped, redefined, and reproduced within social contexts.

The course combines theoretical learning with practical engagement, featuring group discussions, hands-on activities, and experiential learning with different materials and crafts. These activities allow students to simulate the choices and actions of ancient craftsmen, deepening their understanding of archaeological approaches to studying craft production.

This course also uses published case studies to demonstrate how archaeologists have studied and interpreted craft production and specialization. These examples highlight cross-cultural regularities and variations, offering a global perspective on the relationship between craft production systems and social development.

課程目標

 探索工藝生產與專業化在塑造古代經濟和社會中的重要性
 研究在生產系統中材料類型的多樣性及其製造順序
 檢視工藝專業化、政治經濟與社會階層之間的關係
 評估工藝專業化對文化身份、經濟系統及交換網絡的影響
 批判性評估與工藝生產與專業化相關的考古證據
 將所學的概念和方法應用於物質文化與工藝系統的研究
 參與實作活動，深入了解古代工藝生產過程及決策制定
 Explore the significance of craft production and specialization in shaping ancient economies and societies.
 Investigate the diversity of material types and their manufacturing sequences within production systems.
 Examine the relationship between craft specialization, political economies, and social hierarchies.
 Evaluate the impact of craft specialization on cultural identity, economic systems, and exchange networks.
 Critically assess archaeological evidence related to craft production and specialization.
 Apply the concepts and methodologies learned to research material culture and craft systems.
 Participate in practical activities to gain insights into ancient craft production processes and decision-making.

課程要求

 學生需積極參與課堂活動
 學生需以小組形式閱讀指定文章並參與小組討論
 學生需提交一篇期末論文，展示對工藝生產與專業化的理解。論文應聚焦於某一特定類型的工藝生產——如陶器、金屬加工、紡織、玻璃製作或其他相關手工藝活動——並選擇特定的地理區域和時間範圍進行探討。
 Students are required to actively participate in class activities
 Students are required to read the assigned articles in groups and contribute to group discussions
 Students are required to submit a final essay showcasing their understanding of craft production and specialization. The essay should focus on a specific type of craft production—such as pottery, metalworking, textile production, glassmaking, or another relevant artisanal activity—within a chosen geographic area and time period.

預期每週課前或/與課後學習時數

學生預計每週需要花兩個小時準備和復習課程內容。
Students are expected to spend two hours for preparation and revision of course contents each week.

Office Hours

另約時間

指定閱讀

待補

參考書目

待補

評量方式
(僅供參考)

No.	項目	百分比	說明
1.	Attendance and Class Participation	30%
2.	Weekly activities	30%
3.	Final Assignments	40%

本校尚無訂定 A+ 比例上限。
本校採用等第制評定成績，學生成績評量辦法中的百分制分數區間與單科成績對照表僅供參考，授課教師可依等第定義調整分數區間。詳見學習評量專區 (連結)。

針對學生困難提供學生調整方式

上課形式
作業繳交方式	學生與授課老師協議改以其他形式呈現
考試形式
其他	由師生雙方議定

課程進度

週次	日期	單元主題
第1週	2/18	介紹  概述課程目標、主題及評量方法。  解釋每週活動及課程預期。  組成小組進行討論和活動。  指派基礎閱讀材料，為後續週次做好準備。 Introduction  Overview of the course objectives, themes, and assessment methods.  Explanation of weekly activities and expectations.  Group formation for discussions and activities.  Assignment of foundational readings to prepare the following weeks.
第2週	2/25	識別研究議題  概述工藝生產與專業化研究中的主要理論與解釋。  使用提供的問題單進行小組討論，識別關鍵的理論與實踐問題。 Identifying the Issues  Overview of major theories and explanations in the study of craft production and specialization  Group discussions using a provided question sheet to identify key theoretical and practical issues.
第3週	3/04	Gordon Childe與工藝生產的研究  探討Gordon Childe對於工藝生產和早期社會的經濟研究的貢獻。  深入分析指定閱讀材料，解構其中的關鍵觀念與理論。  參與小組討論和全班討論，分享觀點和詮釋。 Gordon Childe and The Study of Craft Production  Explore Gordon Childe’s contributions to the understand-ing of craft production and early economies.  Engage in in-depth analysis of assigned readings to un-pack key ideas and theories.  Participate in group-based discussions and class-wide sessions to share perspectives and interpretations.
第4週	3/11	工藝生產研究中的主要理論  介紹工藝生產的核心理論，包括技術、人類和組織構成部分。  每組聚焦於特定理論並提出關鍵要點。  各小組展示研究結果並討論這些理論的應用。 Major Theories in The Study of Craft Production  Introduction to core theories of craft production from technological, human and organizational components.  Each group focuses on a specific theory and presents key points.  Groups present findings and discuss applications of these theories.
第5週	3/18	能動性、技術與操作鏈概念第一部分  介紹操作鏈（chaînes opératoires）概念及其在理解人類代理性和技術過程中的重要性。  每組選擇一項具體工藝作為案例，分析並準備下一週的製作序列、技術、製作系統及組織實踐，並探討生產過程中每一階段的潛在人類決策與行動。  每組展示所選工藝的製作序列，並概述其複製生產過程的策略與計劃，準備在下一週製造物品。 Agency, Technology and the Concept of Chaîne Opératoire Part I  Introduce the concept of chaînes opératoires and its significance in understanding human agency and technological processes in archaeological studies.  Each group selects a specific craft as a case study, analyzing and preparing for the following week by identifying manufacturing sequences, techniques, production systems, and organizational practices involved in the chosen craft. Groups also explore potential human decisions and actions at each stage of production.  Each group presents the manufacturing sequences of their selected crafts and outline their strategy and plan for replicating the production process to create the final products in the next session.
第6週	3/25	能動性、技術與操作鏈概念第二部分  回顧操作鏈及其與各類工藝的相關性。  進行實作工作坊，每組從事不同的工藝活動，例如石珠鑽孔、石器製作、陶器製作、顏料生產等。  通過這些活動，學生探索不同工藝生產過程中的決策過程、行為、技能、工具使用及組織策略。 Agency, Technology and the Concept of Chaîne Opératoire Part II  Review of chaînes opératoires and their relevance to various crafts.  Hands-on workshops where each group engages in a different craft activity, such as stone bead drilling, stone tool knapping, pottery making or pigment production.  Through these activities, students explore the decision-making processes, behaviors, skills, tool use, and organizational strategies involved in different types of craft production.
第7週	4/01	工藝專業化、政治經濟與社會複雜性第一部分  定義並識別工藝專業化的類型。  探索工藝專業化與社會結構（如政治經濟和社會階層）的關係。  比較不同政治體系中專業化的組織方式。  討論專業化對社會流動性和權力動態的影響。 Craft Specialization, Political Economy and Social Complexity Part I  Define and recognize types of craft specialization  Explore the relationship between craft specialization and societal structures, such as political economy and social hierarchies.  Compare how specialization is organised in different polit-ical systems.  Discuss the implications of specialization for social mobility and power dynamics.
第8週	4/08	工藝專業化、政治經濟與社會複雜性第二部分  探索工藝專業化的歷史與考古視角。  每組展示一篇每週閱讀分析，聚焦於特定地區背景下的某一工藝。  比較不同社會中工藝生產，識別相似性、差異及更廣泛的模式。 Craft Specialization, Political Economy and Social Complexity Part II  Explore the historical and archaeological perspectives on specialization.  Each group presents an analysis of a weekly reading, focusing on a specific craft within a particular regional context.  group comparisons of craft production across different societies to identify similarities, differences, and broader patterns.
第9週	4/15	工藝專業化、政治經濟與社會複雜性第三部分  探討在階層化社會與平等社會中，工藝生產角色如何有所不同，重點關注在這些系統中的責任、地位和影響。  學生參與活動，模擬古代工藝工作坊的角色動態，擔任如王室、精英、亞精英、商人、工匠、學徒等角色。每組專注於特定工藝，處理工藝生產中的人際關係及社會群體互動，並檢視這些互動對生產技術、組織和系統的影響。  小組總結其經驗和見解，展示不同社會角色在生產過程中的作用及古代工藝系統的社會經濟結構。 Craft Specialization, Political Economy and Social Complexity Part III  Explore how roles in craft production varied between stratified societies and egalitarian groups, with a focus on the responsibilities, status, and influence of individuals within these systems.  Students engage in a role-playing activity simulating the dynamics of an ancient craft workshop, taking on roles such as royals, elites, sub-elites, traders, craftsmen, apprentices, etc. Each group focuses on a specific craft, addressing the concerns and interactions of individ-uals and social groups within their economic systems and examining the impacts on production technologies, organ-ization, and systems.  Groups summarize their experiences and insights, presenting the roles of different social actors in the production process and the socio-economic structures of ancient craft systems.
第10週	4/22	古代社會中的工藝生產與消費  探索生產與消費之間的關係，檢視消費者偏好和社會影響如何塑造生產過程。  研究經濟框架與工藝生產的聯繫，重點分析市場驅動或再分配經濟如何影響商品的組織、創新和分配。  每組指派具體的文物，扮演不同社會成員（如工匠、商人或消費者）。學生將模擬特定歷史和地理背景下的私人經濟與國家控制經濟的運作。  每組總結所分配文物的物品生平，追溯其從生產到消費的過程，並向全班展示其研究結果。 Craft Production and Consumption in Ancient Societies  Explore the relationship between production and consumption, examining how consumer preferences and societal influences shape the production process.  Investigate the connection between economic frameworks and craft production, focusing on how market-driven or redistributive economies impact the organization, innovation, and distribution of goods.  each group are assigned specific artefacts and take on the roles of different societal members (such as craftsmen, traders, or consumers). Students will simulate the functioning of private versus state-controlled economies within a particular historical and geographical context.  Each group summarizes the object biography of their assigned artefact, tracing its journey from production to consumption, and then present their findings to the class.
第11週	4/29	古代社會中的工藝生產、消費與交換  探索生產、消費與交換系統之間的關係，聚焦於這些過程如何相互作用。  使用考古數據檢視材料和工藝在不同地區之間的流動。  小組討論專注於某一地區材料與技術知識的交換。  每組總結並展示其研究結果，討論所選材料或工藝實踐的生產、消費和交換，並輔以相關的考古案例研究。 Craft Production, Consumption and Exchange in Ancient Societies  Explore the relationship between production, consump-tion, and exchange systems, focusing on how these pro-cesses interact.  Examine the movement of materials and crafts across dif-ferent regions using archaeological data.  Group discussion focus on the exchange of materials and technological knowledge in a specific region  Each group summarizes and presents their findings, discussing the production, consumption, and exchange of a chosen material or craft practice, supported by relevant archaeological case studies.
第12週	5/06	考古學中的專業化與標準化  定義標準化、強化與衡量工藝專業化的標準。  探索專業化與標準化在各種考古學案例中的關聯性，例如金屬、陶器、玻璃和珠子。  每組專注於分析特定材料的例子，例如金屬、陶器、玻璃、石珠等，討論其生產序列的標準化。 Specialization and Standardization in Archaeology  Define standardization, intensification, and the criteria for measuring craft specialization in archaeology.  Explore how specialization and standardization are interrelated in various archaeological case studies, such as metal, ceramics, glass, and beads.  Each group focuses on analyzing examples of a specific material, such as metals, ceramics, glass, stone beads, etc. to discuss the standardization of production sequences.
第13週	5/13	性別與工藝生產  探索性別在工藝生產中的角色，重點討論勞動分工和社會觀念。  每組分析特定工藝的案例，檢視古代社會中性別角色在生產實踐中的影響。 Gender and craft production  Explore the roles of gender in craft production, focusing on the division of labour and societal perceptions.  Each group analyses specific case studies of a particular craft to examine gender roles in production practices in ancient societies.
第14週	5/20	社會身份與工藝生產第一部分  探討工藝生產如何反映並影響社會身份，討論各種社會因素在生產系統中的角色，包括年齡、階級、社會地位、性別、宗教、族裔和種族。  每組分析涉及不同工藝的具體案例，探索社會身份與工藝生產之間的聯繫。 Social Identity and Craft Production Part I  Examine how craft production both reflects and influences social identities. Discuss the roles of various social factors in production systems, including age, class, social status, gender, religion, ethnicity, and race.  Each group analyses specific case studies involving different crafts to explore the connections between social identity and craft production.
第15週	5/27	社會身份與工藝生產第二部分  探討工藝生產與社會身份之間的動態關係。  探索身份標誌（如性別角色變化、宗教實踐或族裔界限）如何影響工藝傳統。  分析工藝如何作為協商、主張或轉變社會身份的媒介，在複雜社會中發揮作用。  每組評估案例研究，聚焦於工藝生產如何被用來挑戰、強化或重新定義社會階層和身份，強調物質文化在社會變遷中的角色。 Social Identity and Craft Production Part II  Examine the dynamic interplay between craft production and social identities.  Explore how shifts in identity markers, such as changing gender roles, religious practices, or ethnic boundaries, influence craft traditions.  Analyse the ways in which crafts serve as mediums for negotiating, asserting, or transforming social identities within complex societies.  Each group evaluates case studies focusing on instances where craft production has been used to challenge, reinforce, or redefine social hierarchies and identities, emphasising the role of material culture in social change.
第16週	6/3	工藝專業化研究中的近期趨勢  概述當代工藝生產與專業化研究趨勢，結合考古學、人類學及相關學科，突出關鍵發展與跨學科方法。  引導學生批判性地分析該領域的最新進展與挑戰，並通過結構化問題單促使更深層次的理解與評估。 Recent Trends in the Study of Craft Specialization  Provide an overview of contemporary research trends in craft production and specialization, drawing from archae-ology, anthropology, and related disciplines, highlighting key developments and interdisciplinary approaches.  Engage students in critically analysing recent advancements and challenges in the field using a structured question sheet to guide their evaluation and foster deeper understanding.