This course extends the knowledge of the analytical chemistry to include the fundamental principles and application of modern instrumental methods of analysis. The topics covered have applications to many subject areas in Natural Sciences, Life Science and Engineering.
This course is presented in a lecture/discussion format. The content of the course includes:
Part I:
I. Brief Review of Electrochemistry
II. Amperometry
A. Analysis
B. Glucose Electrode
C. Glucose Electrode
D. Blood Glucose Monitor
E. Chormatographic Detector
III. Voltammetry
A. Basic Concepts
a) Electrode Reaction
b) Voltammogram
c) Concentration Profile
d) Types
e) Supporting Electrolyte
f) Nernst Diffusion Layer
g) Steady-State Current
h) i - E Relationship
B. Microelectrode
a) Disk and ring-disk electrodes
b) Hg electrodes
c) Chemically modified electrodes
C. Hydrodynamic Voltammetry
a) Sampled Current Voltammetry
b) E½ & n
c) i - E Relationship
d) Anodic and Mixed Anodic/Cathodic Voltammogram
D. Stationary Solution Voltammetry
a) Polarography
b) Cyclic Voltammetry (CV)
i) Excitation Signal
ii) Scan Rate
iii) Cyclic Voltammogram
iv) CV Analysis
c) Pulse Voltammetric Methods
i) Differential Pulse Voltammetry
ii) Square Wave Voltammetry
d) Stripping Methods

Part II:
I. Introduction to Instrumental Analysis
II. Fundamentals of Spectroscopy/Spectrometry
A. Introduction to Spectroscopy
B. Characteristics of Electromagnetic radiation
C. Wave Property of Light and Optical Component
a) Interference
b) Transmission
c) Reflection
d) Refraction
e) Scattering
f) Diffraction
D. Particle Property of Light and Its Use
a) Photoelectric effect
b) Absorption
c) Emission
E. Spectroscopy
a) Type of Spectroscopy
b) Nature of Excitation
III. UV and Visible Absorption Spectrometry
A. Range and Type of UV/Vis Radiation
B. Principle
a) Molar Absorptivity
b) Spectroscopic Process
c) Effect of Multichromophores
d) d, f-electron Transition
C. Measurement
a) Standard Addition Method
b) Solvent Selection
c) Solvent Effect
d) Beer’s Law and Its Limitations
e) Spectrophotometric Uncertainty
D. Instrumentation
a) Single-Beam and Double-Beam Instruments
b) Sample Cell and Construction Materials
c) Source
d) Slit
e) Detector
i) Phototube
ii) Photodiode
iii) Photomultiplier Tube
iv) Photovoltaic Cell
v) Multichannel Detector
E. Spectroscopic Information
a) Imaging
b) Qualitative
c) Quantative
F. Spectral Analysis
a) Woodward-Fieser Rule
IV. Luminescence Spectroscopy
A. Luminescence
B. Principle
a) Spectroscopic Process
b) Quantum Yield
c) Favorable Condition for Luminescence
d) Emission Spectrum
e) 90˚ Detection
f) Luminescence Intensity
g) Type of Luminescence
C. Instrumentation
D. Spectroscopic Information
a) FL System
b) Fluorescent Agent
c) Use of Excited-State Molecules
d) Fluorescence Resonance Energy Transfer
V. Infrared Spectroscopy
A. Range and Type of IR Radiation
B. Principle
a) Molecular Excitation
b) Type of Molecular Vibration
c) Normal Mode of Vibration
d) Spectroscopic Process
e) IR-Active Vibration
C. Instrumentation
a) Nondispersive Instrument
b) Dispersive Instrument
c) Sample Cell and Construction Materials
d) Source
e) Wavelength Selector
f) Detector
D. Spectroscopic Information
a) Functional Group
b) Quantitative
VI. Raman Spectroscopy
A. Principle
a) Polarizability
b) Raman Scattering
c) Energy Shift
d) Raman-Active Vibration
e) Raman Scattering Intensity
f) Advantage Over IR
B. Instrumentation
a) Laser
C. Spectroscopic Information
Raman vs. IR
VII. Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy
A. Principle
a) Range of Radiation
b) Nuclear Spin
B. Instrumentation and Measurement
a) Phase Coherence
b) Magnetic Resonance
c) Secondary Field
VIII. Atomic Absorption Spectroscopy
A. Principle
a) Emission
b) Atomic Structure
B. Measurement
a) Source of Errors - Uncertainty Principle
b) Spectral Line Shape
c) Temperature Effect
d) Interference
C. Instrumentation
a) System
b) Atomizer
IX. Analytical Separation
A. General Description
a) Solvent Extraction
b) Mobile and Stationary Phases
c) Classification
d) Elution
B. Principle
a) Migration Rate
b) Retention Time
c) Flow Rate – Flow Velocity Relationship
d) Migration Rate - Distribution Constant
e) Retention Factor
f) Selectivity Factor
g) Band Broadening
h) Column Efficiency
i) Column Resolution
j) Column Resolution
X. Gas Chromatography
A. Separation Process
B. Injection and Detection
C. Detector
D. Sample Preparation
XI. High-Performance Liquid Chromatography
A. Chromatographic Process
B. Injection and Detection
C. Reversed-Phase Separation
D. Gradient Separation