Attosecond (as, 10**(-18) second) science and technology, newly-born in the past decade, has rapidly grown into one of the most-exciting forefronts in modern physics. During the first decade, significant progress has been made in both attosecond source development and applications. At the present time, attosecond laser technology has reached a point where isolated ultrashort XUV pulses with pulse lengths of the order of 100 as are produced in several laboratories in the US, Europe, as well as worldwide. This technology has opened a new subfield of atomic, molecular, and optical (AMO) science research, attosecond physics, in which proof-of-principle experiments have resolved electronic processes in atoms, molecules and surfaces at the natural time scale of the electronic motion in matter. Explorations using such novel “tools” of attosecond XUV pulses have revealed many ultrafast dynamics phenomena in AMO physics that have never been seen before. This new wave of revolutionary research using attosecond pulses is explosively expanding into many other branches of modern physics, such as condensed-matter physics, surface physics, chemical physics, and biological physics, etc. With knowledge obtained from attosecond timescale measurements, new processes and new phenomena will be discovered and the new knowledge about the physics and chemistry will be employed. We envision attosecond physics and chemistry will become one of the most dominant fields in science and technology in the next 10-20 years to come. Exciting new research opportunities are widely open for the young generations.