This lecture intends to cover the update literatures coral biology. Corals play an important role in building the modern reefs at the tropical and subtropical oceans. However, due to the overharvesting, pollution, habitat destruction, and climate change, coral reefs are facing serious destruction worldwide. This lecture will start from the basic biology of corals, ecology and physiology, genetics, molecular biology, to introduction of the modern genomic approaches. The implication of the different disciplines to the coral reef conservation and management will also included in this lecture.