Each resident is assigned his / her own patients in the first year of the training program, most of which are expected to be completed by the end of the third year. Instruction is given in the use of various contemporary fixed, removable and functional appliances. Students are taught the important skills of orthodontic diagnosis, treatment planning, implementation of appropriate treatment objectives and mechanics, finishing and retention. Specifics are given for history taking, clinical examination, impression technique and wax bite registration, cast evaluation, cephalometric evaluation, arch analysis, orthodontic diagnosis, treatment plan, and appliance design based on individual cases. During the training, students learn how to a. coordinate and document detailed interdisciplinary treatment plans which may include care from other providers. b. treat and manage developing dentofacial problems which can be minimized by appropriate timely intervention. c. use dentofacial orthopedics in the treatment of patients when appropriate. d. treat and manage major dentofacila deformities and coordinate care with OMS. e. manage paitents with functional occlusal and temporomandibular disorders. f. treat or manage the orthodontic aspects of patients with moderate and advanced periodontal problems. g. obtain and create long term files of quality images of patients using techniques of photography, radiology and cephalometrics. h. develop and maintain a system of long-tern treatment records as a foundation for understanding and planning treatment and retention procedures. i. manage and motivate patients to participate fully with orthodontic treatment procedures.