Each trainee is assigned his / her own patients in the first year of the training program, most of which are expected to be completed by the end of the third year. Instruction is given in the use of various contemporary fixed, removable and functional appliances. Students are taught the important skills of orthodontic diagnosis, treatment planning, implementation of appropriate treatment objectives and mechanics, finishing and retention. Specifics are given for history taking, clinical examination, impression technique and wax bite registration, cast evaluation, cephalometric evaluation, arch analysis, orthodontic diagnosis, treatment plan, and appliance design based on individual cases.