This course is designed for the advanced undergraduate and the beginning graduate students with the appropriate background in biology and chemistry and an interest in understanding the basic principles of microbial physiology, biochemistry, and cell behavior. Course topics provide an updated account of the major aspects of the microorganisms, such as cell structure and function, metabolism, developmental biology, responses and adaptation to environmental challenges, biofilm formation and cellular signaling pathways, The course also covers cell division, membrane and cytosol bioenergetics, fermentations, homeostasis, metabolic regulation, and protein transport.