This course provides students with a broad background in the principles of ecology. It covers ecology at different levels of organization including behavioral, physiological, evolutionary, population & community, and ecosystem ecology. Some other specialized topics are also discussed.

Lectures generally follow a textbook (the reference is given below), but materials not covered in the textbook are also discussed in lectures. Students are responsible for everything covered in lectures --- attendance is essential for the satisfactory completion of the course.

Lectures are mostly done using PowerPoint slides. The PowerPoint file of a lecture may be available before the lecture (I will try to upload the file by Wednesday night for the lecture given in the following day). Slides are not necessarily self-explanatory and may not contain all necessary information. Some concepts are explained using blackboard. Studying the PowerPoint slides is not sufficient for the satisfactory completion of the course.

There are three exams. These exams account for 100% of the course grade. Exam scores will not be curved regardless of the average score.

Unannounced quizzes may be given. Quizzes and assignments (if any are given --- no assignments were given last year) count only for bonus points. Because of this, even if a student misses a quiz with a legitimate reason, no make-up quiz will be given. Quizzes and assignments count for bonus points only when attendance and participation are satisfactory.

Attendance (including class participation) will affect bonus points. By asking questions and expressing ideas in class, students may gain bonus points. Poor attendance (e.g., absence and tardiness), as well as poor participation (e.g., sleeping, chatting, playing with an electronic device), would reduce bonus points. Poor participation is equivalent to missing a lecture (or worse). At the end of the semester, accumulated bonus points may become negative, but the minimum bonus-point a student can get is 0. No bonus points will be given to students who missed three lectures or more, no matter how well they performed on other parts (e.g., quizzes).

The maximum possible bonus point is 10% in the final grade. Students who get 100% on the three exams and the maximum bonus points will attain 110% in the course, but the maximum possible grade is 100% in the course.

When the total grade based on the three exams is less than 60%, the maximum obtainable grade (with bonus points) is 60% (C-). Master's students whose grade is less than 70% based on the three exams can get at most 70% with bonus points. Doctoral students will not receive bonus points --- exam scores completely determine the grade.

The detail about how bonus points affect the final grade may change. If it changes, the change will not negatively influence grades (e.g., each student would receive 0 or positive increase). But students should not expect a change to take place.

If any questions, including potential grading errors, arise for your grade on an exam, an assignment or a quiz, submit a written request with your rationale for a regrade. Requests must be made within one week of the return of a graded material, otherwise the grade is final. This one week starts from the day an exam is first returned in a class even if a student does not receive it by missing the class.

If a student misses a class and does not receive a graded material, the student can pick it up at the instructor's office. The instructor will not bring it to a class again unless an arrangement is made.

The schedule (described in the content section of this website) is subject to change throughout the semester. The dates on which the exams are scheduled can also change.

Calculus is a prerequisite for this course.