PERCEPTION AND LEARNING ARE THE KEY PREREQUISITES FOR MAKING ROBOTS OR EMBEDDED
SYSTEM TRULY AUTONOMOUS. THESE INTELLIGENT ROBOTS/MACHINES MUST DEAL WITH THE
ENORMOUS UNCERTAINTY THAT EXISTS IN THE PHYSICAL WORLD.

UNCERTAINTY ARISES FROM MANY SOURCES. ROBOT ENVIRONMENTS ARE INHERENTLY
UNPREDICTABLE. THE UNCERTAINTY IS PARTICULARLY HIGH FOR ROBOTS OPERATING IN THE
PROXIMITY OF PEOPLE. SENSORS ARE LIMITED IN WHAT THEY CAN PERCEIVE. LIMITATIONS
ARISE FROM THE RANGE AND RESOLUTION OF A SENSOR, NOISE AND SENSOR FAILURE. ROBOT ACTUATION INVOLVES MOTORS IN WHICH UNCERTAINTY ARISES FROM EFFECTS LIKE CONTROL NOISE, WEAR-AND-TEAR AND MECHANICAL FAILURE. IN ADDITION, THE APPROXIMATE NATURE OF ALGORITHMS CAUSES UNCERTAINTY. AS ROBOTICS IS NOW MOVING INTO THE OPEN WORLD, MANAGING UNCERTAINTY OF PERCEPTION AND LEARNING HAS BECOME THE MOST IMPORTANT STEP TOWARDS ROBUST REAL-WORLD ROBOT SYSTEMS.